C++
Programming is not all the same. Normal written languages have different rhythms and idioms, right? Well, so do programming languages. The language called C is all harsh imperatives, almost raw computer-speak. The language called Lisp is like one long, looping sentence, full of subclauses, so long in fact that you usually forget what it was even about in the first place. The language called Erlang is just like it sounds: eccentric and Scandinavian.
Any valid C code is for most part also a valid C++ code. Some differences exist and they can be found by comparing this and this.
C++ is a horrible language. It's made more horrible by the fact that a lot of substandard programmers use it, to the point where it's much much easier to generate total and utter crap with it.
Compiler Process
gcc: GNU C Compiler
c => preprocessed file => IR => Assembly Language(.s) => .o => Machine Code (0&1)
gcc -E file.c #This gives the preprocessed file
gcc -S file.c #This produces the assembly file
$gcc -c file.c #This gives the machine code
gcc hello.c compiles the code.
a.out or ./a.out executes the code.